Fiduciary guide

What being a fiduciary actually means - and what it costs to get it wrong.

ERISA is specific, consequential, and routinely misunderstood. This guide covers what fiduciary responsibility really requires, who carries it, and where plans most often quietly fall out of compliance.

About a 10-minute read · Current for 2026 · Educational, not legal advice

PLAN DOCUMENTLoyaltyPrudenceDiversificationPlan documents

What is a fiduciary?

A fiduciary is someone the law requires to act in another party's best interest - here, the participants in your retirement plan. ERISA established a strict fiduciary standard for employer-sponsored plans in 1974, and it remains one of the most rigorous standards in American law.

The fiduciary standard requires every decision to be made in the exclusive best interest of participants. Fees must be reasonable. Investments must be prudent. The process must be documented. And it's ongoing and active - not a one-time designation you can set and forget.

The part owners most often miss: individuals who act as plan fiduciaries can be held personally liable for breaches.

Who counts as a fiduciary?

ERISA defines fiduciaries by what they do, not by their title. Anyone who exercises discretion over how the plan is managed or run, controls its assets, or gives the plan investment advice for a fee is a fiduciary, whether or not they realize it. That usually includes:

The sponsor
The company and its decision-makers
The company that establishes and maintains the plan, and the owner or officers who make plan decisions.
Day to day
The plan administrator
Whoever makes decisions about how the plan runs, often a CFO, HR director or office manager, can carry fiduciary responsibility personally.
Advice
Investment advisors
An advisor paid to give the plan investment advice is generally a fiduciary for that advice.
Assets
Trustees
If your plan has named trustees, they hold fiduciary responsibility for the assets they control.

The four core fiduciary duties

ERISA sets four duties every fiduciary must meet. These aren't aspirational - they're legal obligations with personal liability attached.

Loyalty

Every decision must be made solely in the interest of participants and beneficiaries. Your interests as employer - and your providers' interests - are legally subordinate.

Prudence

You must act with the care and skill a "prudent expert" would use. Ignorance is no defense - you're expected to have the expertise or hire someone who does.

Diversification

Plan assets must be diversified to minimize the risk of large losses, unless it is clearly prudent not to under the circumstances.

Following plan documents

Fiduciaries must act in accordance with the governing plan documents - provided those documents themselves comply with ERISA.

Our role on your plan.

We serve as a 3(21) fiduciary to the plan. Here is how the roles divide.

Walters Wealth Management
We recommend and document

Investment recommendations held to a fiduciary standard, with the process behind them written down and kept current.

You, as the plan sponsor
You decide

Final authority over the plan stays with you, and you remain the decision-maker.

Red flags that signal exposure

These are what we most often find on a first plan review. Each one is real liability sitting with the plan's fiduciaries right now.

No annual review documentation. If the fiduciary process isn't written down, it didn't happen in the eyes of the DOL.
Fees never benchmarked. "Reasonable" has to be demonstrable. "We've always used them" is not documentation.
No investment policy statement. The IPS sets the criteria for selecting and replacing funds. Without one, decisions look arbitrary.
No fiduciary advisor. If no advisor has accepted fiduciary responsibility for its recommendations, the sponsor carries the full weight alone.
Undisclosed revenue sharing. Providers may be paid by fund companies in ways that aren't fully disclosed - a prohibited-transaction risk.
Underperformers with no documented review. Poor funds aren't automatically a violation. Poor funds with no process for evaluating them are.

The documentation that protects you

In a DOL audit, documentation is everything. These are the records that protect you - and the gaps we most commonly find on review.

Annual documentation
Written annual review minutes with investment decisions recorded
Investment performance reports with benchmark comparisons
Service provider monitoring documentation
Ongoing documents
Fee benchmarking report comparing plan costs to comparable plans
Investment policy statement, kept current
Advisory agreement confirming the advisor's fiduciary role
Plan document and summary plan description, current with all amendments
Service provider contracts and 408(b)(2) fee disclosures
ERISA fidelity bond, generally at least 10% of plan assets handled, subject to ERISA's minimum and maximum
Tyler and Nate Walters by the water in Kitsap County

Who you'll work with

Nate and Tyler, start to finish.

You'll work with both of us on your plan's fiduciary process, documented and kept current. Nate has advised business owners for more than thirty-five years. Tyler brings an analytical, modern approach to every plan.

No account reps or hand-offs. When you call, you reach one of us.

Meet Nate and Tyler
Start here

Fiduciary duty is serious. Managing it doesn't have to be hard.

A 30-minute conversation is enough to see what your plan needs.

Make it manageable

A straightforward look at where your plan stands.